|
In Islamic theology, al-Insān al-Kāmil ((アラビア語:الإنسان الكامل)) also rendered as ''Insān-i Kāmil'' (Persian/Urdu: ) and ''İnsan-ı Kâmil'' (Turkish), is a term used as an honorific title to describe Muhammad. The phrase means "the person who has reached perfection." It is an important concept in Islamic culture of the prototype human being, pure consciousness, one's true identity, to be contrasted with the material human who is bound by one's senses and materialism. The term was originally used by Sunni Sufis and is still used by them, however it is also used by Alawis, Alevis. This idea is based upon a hadith,〔 which was used by Ibn Arabi, that states about Prophet Muhammad, 'I was a prophet when Adam was between water and clay'.〔(Ibn al-'Arabi, Muhyi al-Din (1164-1240), The 'perfect human' and the Muhammadan reality )〕 The Sunni Islamic scholar Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, has published a Sirah on Muhammad as al-Insān al-Kāmil. Al-Jili was the author of an Arabic text entitled ''al-Insān al-Kāmil''. Ismailis believe that each Imam is a perfect man. This concept is often explained as the esoteric meaning behind practicing the Sharia, as well as explaining the Qur'anic concept of human beings not having original sin, because the centre of consciousness is pure and perfect. However, esoteric explanations (known as ''Batini Ta'wil'') are commonplace and varied among Alevis due to the plurality of meanings. ==The origin of al-insān al-kāmil== The term ''Al-Insān Al-Kāmil'' is said to have been first applied by Ibn Arabi, a well-respected and influential Islamic thinker. The origin of this concept is derived from the Quran and Hadith. As mentioned in Ibn Arabi's ''Fusus Al-Hikam'', ''"Muhammad's wisdom is uniqueness (fardiya) because he is the most perfect existent creature of this human species. For this reason, the command began with him and was sealed with him. He was a Prophet while Adam was between water and clay, and his elemental structure is the Seal of the Prophets."'' In the Quran, man’s hierarchical status above all beings is seen, as it states that God created humans in the fairest stature.〔Bowering, Gerhard."Ensan-e-Kamel." Encyclopedia Iranica (1998): Web. 3 Apr 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al-Insān al-Kāmil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|